In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) convened an expert working group who examined all relevant information and concluded that "Shiftwork that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)."1 As a key element of their classification, IARC judged that there was "sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of light during the daily dark period (biological night) [emphasis added]."1 However, while IARC identified a key role for ‘biological night’ in animals, it is more difficult to define—and work with—a biological night in humans. This editorial suggests ‘how’ we can do this in practice to arrive at an epidemiological measure of circadian disruption.
Remarkably, the key link in the ‘probable’ chain of causation between shift work and cancer, that is, circadian disruption, is nowhere defined in the IARC monograph.1 However, we would expect it to occur in individuals who...
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