For some musculoskeletal disorders, the negative effects of specific occupational exposures are mainly short-term effects. However, for low back pain (LBP), long-term effects are also important. The article by Lallukka et al.1 in this issue of the Journal reminds us of that fact, with a study in Finland based on a very long follow-up, more than 30 years. In this study focusing first on cardiovascular risk, 414 women and 324 men, aged 18–24 years in 1986, were followed-up until 2007. The information on LBP in 2007 included local and radiating LBP; presence or absence of LBP at baseline was also recorded, with some information on frequency. Physical heaviness of work was recorded in 1986 and also in 2007, based on a single question with a scale of six possible answers, from ‘light sedentary work’ to ‘physically very heavy work’. Smoking and body mass index could be taken into account in...
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